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Expert Q&A:
Can you explain what an internal hemorrhoid is, and how much bleeding is normal?

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Margaret Freda
Answered by Margaret Freda Ed.D., R.N., C.H.E.S., F.A.A.N.
"I've been a professional nurse working with pregnant women and parenting families since 1966," says Margaret Comerford Freda. "Pregnant women and parents need to know as much as possible about their own health and that of their children."

Margaret Comerford Freda, Ed.D., R.N., C.H.E.S., F.A.A.N., is a Professor in the Department of Obstetrics &; Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, and also serves as Director of Patient Education Programs for that department. Since 1993, Dr. Freda has been the Consultant for Nursing at the National March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation and the Chair of the National March of Dimes Nurse Advisory Council. In addition, Dr. Freda serves as the editor of MCN, The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing.

Dr. Freda received her Master's Degree in Nursing from New York University and her doctorate in Health Education from Columbia University. She has worked in women's health for her entire professional career. Dr. Freda has published 50 research articles in professional journals, and is a frequently invited speaker at nursing and medical conferences. She has written two books: Perinatal Patient Education, published by Lippincott Williams &; Wilkins, and Miscarriage After Infertility, published by Fairview Press, written with her daughter Carrie Semelsberger, who is also a nurse.

Dr. Freda has received several noteworthy awards, such as the Distinguished Professional Service Award and the First National Award for Excellence in Nursing Research from the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN), the Woman of Distinction Award and the Maternal Child Nurse of the Year Award from the March of Dimes, the Patient Care Award for Excellence in Patient Education from the American Academy of Family Physicians, the Research Recognition Award from Molloy College, and several Outstanding Research Paper awards at national conferences. She serves on the Scientific Advisory Council for the March of Dimes, and was selected to serve on the Select Panel of the Centers for Disease Control to advise on prenatal health. Dr. Freda has developed patient education booklets and videotapes that are now distributed nationally.

Dr. Freda has been married for four decades. She has two daughters, two sons-in-law, three grandsons, and a granddaughter.
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Question


Can you explain what an internal hemorrhoid is, and how much bleeding is normal?

Answer


Hemorrhoids can be awful, whether they are around your rectum (external) or inside your intestine (internal). They can hurt, make having a bowel movement painful, and they sometimes bleed. Hemorrhoids are actually engorged veins, something like varicose veins. Internal hemorrhoids cannot be seen when looking at the rectum but exist just inside the colon. Hemorrhoids are very common in pregnancy and cause pregnant women lots and lots of discomfort. Hemorrhoids often bleed red blood, which can be scary. What you describe about bleeding but no real blood on the toilet paper is common. A real problem with hemorrhoids is too much bleeding, causing anemia. That's not good for a pregnant woman, so you need to take some steps to make sure they don't bleed much.

Here are some helpful hints for dealing with hemorrhoids:

  1. Avoid constipation. Eat high fiber foods (vegetables, nuts, fruits, whole grains), and drink a lot of water (at least 8 glasses each day).
  2. If your stools are hard, ask your doctor about whether you should take a stool-softening drug. Hard stools can cause bleeding.

Internal hemorrhoids, which cause a lot of bleeding, do need to be treated, so make sure you discuss this with your doctor.

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